Carboneras: ES630

Identification - compilation

Identification

Identification code :

ES630

Fault name :

Carboneras

Identification method :

Geological/Geomorphological field mapping and marine geophysical methods

Geological and geographical set :

Betic Range (Almería) and Alboran Sea

Compilation

Name/s of the compiler/s :

Masana, E., Moreno, X., Gràcia, E., Khazaradze, G.

Filiation/s :

RISKNAT-UB and UTM-CSIC

E-mail :

eulalia.masana@ub.edu

Latest update :

2021-07-15

Location

Geometry and kinematics

Conventions

Variability/Error

Source

Brief comment

Average strike (º) :

Variability/Error:

+ 9 / - 5

Source:

Brief comment:

Measured on multibeam bathymetric data (Moreno, 2010)

Dip (º) :

Variability/Error:

± 10

Source:

Brief comment:

Calculated from seismic profiles (Moreno, 2010)

Rake (º) :

Variability/Error:

Source:

Brief comment:

Calculated from offsets of a calcrete crust dated between 130-71 ka. Dip-slip is a maximum value and with a larger uncertainty than strike-slip component (Moreno, 2010).

Sense of movement :

Variability/Error:

Source:

Brief comment:

A predominant left-lateral strike-slip deformation with some vertical slip component was observed by P-C microstructures in trenches at La Serrata and by displacement of linear features such as gullies (Moreno, 2010; Moreno et al., 2008, 2010).

Length (km) :

140

Variability/Error:

± 5

Source:

Brief comment:

Moreno, 2010; Moreno et al., 2008, 2010. In QAFI v.3 this fault was segmented in two with lengths 36 and 110 km.

Min depth (km) :

Variability/Error:

Source:

Brief comment:

Outcrops at surface (Moreno, 2010).

Max depth (km) :

Variability/Error:

Source:

Brief comment:

Lower depth of the instrumental seismicity according to IGN online seismic data base (Moreno, 2010).

Width (km) :

Variability/Error:

Source:

Brief comment:

Area (km²) :

1540

Variability/Error:

Source:

Brief comment:

Quaternary activity Strength: A+

Variability/Error

Source

Brief comment

Quaternary activity evidence :

Onshore: Rectilinear mountain front, offset gullies, beheaded alluvial fans, alluvial fans without drainage area, faulted and folded Quaternary deposits. Offshore: Sea botton expression, pressure ridges, vertically offset Quaternary reflectors

Variability/Error:

Source:

Brief comment:

Moreno, 2010.

Age of the youngest deposits or landforms affected by the fault :

1190 yr BP

Variability/Error:

± 25 yr

Source:

Brief comment:

Calculated from a faulted and buried paleochannel observed in trenches at El Hacho site (southern part of La Serrata range) (Moreno et al., 2008, 2010). Holocene reflections are also apparently faulted in TOPAS profiles along the offshore portion.

Slip rate Accuracy: A

Variability/Error

Source

Brief comment

Vertical Slip Rate VSR (m/ky) :

0.04

Variability/Error:

Source:

Brief comment:

Minimum long-term value obtained from multichannel seismic profiles (Moreno, 2010). We can't distinguish at this scale what is dip slip offset from what is lateral movement of terrains having different elevations.

Horizontal Slip Rate HSR (m/ky) :

1.1

Variability/Error:

1.1-1.5

Source:

Brief comment:

Calculated from onshore (along La Serrata range) and offset gullies offshore (Moreno, 2010; Moreno et al., 2010). Minimum value. Echeverria et al (2015) indicate a GPS sinistral HSR of 1.3 ± 0.2 mm/yr

Net Slip Rate NSR (m/ky) :

1.101

Variability/Error:

1.1-1.5

Source:

Brief comment:

Moreno, 2010.

Paleoearthquakes

Variability/Error

Source

Brief comment

Net slip per event at the Surface (m) :

1.5

Variability/Error:

0-3

Source:

Brief comment:

Maximum offset estimated from buried paleochannel observed in trenches at El Hacho site (southern part of La Serrata range) (Moreno, 2010; Moreno et al., 2008).

Number of Seismic Events :

Variability/Error:

Source:

Brief comment:

A minimum of 6 events since the Mid Pleistocene are observed in trenches along La Serrata. However, we are most probably missing events due to the intermittent deposit aggradation and erosion of the region (Moreno, 2010; Moreno et al., 2008).

Evidence of aseismic creep? :

Variability/Error:

Source:

Brief comment:

Unknown

Seismic parameters

Variability/Error

Source

Brief comment

Maximum magnitude (Mw) :
Reliability: A

7.4

Variability/Error:

± 0.3

Source:

Brief comment:

According to W&C'94 empirical relationship between Mw and max. SRL for strike-slip faults. (Moreno, 2010).

Recurrence interval (years) :
Reliability: A

1150

Variability/Error:

<13500

Source:

Brief comment:

Considering a long term slip-rate of 1.3 mm/yr and a slip per event of 1.5 m (estimated in 3D trenches at El Hacho). A much longer recurrence is obtained if considering 3 events in the last 40 ka (Moreno, 2010). Considering MEM (W'86) results 3413 yrs.

Date of last major earthquake (years) :

<1178 BP

Variability/Error:

younger than 1178 BP

Source:

Brief comment:

Younger than the age of the youngest deposit affected by the fault: the buried paleochannel observed at El Hacho site (southern part of La Serrata range).

Associated seismicity

Almeria 1522 earthquake

Name of the event :

Almeria 1522 earthquake

Date :

22/09/1522

Location :

-2.40,36.58

Intensity and/or magnitude :

EMS=IX; M>6.5

Source of seismic data :

IGN and Reicherter and Hübscher (2007)

Basis for association :

Reicherter and Hübscher (2007)

Brief comment or references :

Reicherter and Hübscher (2007)

Extended data and references

Explanation :

ES630.rar

References :

Echeverria, A., Khazaradze, G., Asensio, E., Masana, E., 2015. Geodetic evidence for continuing tectonic activity of the Carboneras fault (SE Spain). Tectonophysics 663, 302–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2015.08.009

Gràcia, E., Pallas, R., Soto, J. I., Comas, M., Moreno, X., Masana, E., Santanach, P., Diez, S., García, M., and Dañobeitia, J. (2006). Active faulting offshore SE Spain (Alboran Sea): Implications for earthquake hazard assessment in the Southern Iberian Margin. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 241, 734-749.

Gràcia, E., Bartolomé, R., Lo Iacono, C., Moreno, X., Martínez-Loriente, S., Perea, H., Masana, E., Pallàs, R., Díez, S., Dañobeitia, J.J., Terrinha, P., Zitellini, N. (2010). Characterizing active faults and associated mass transport deposits in the South Iberian Margin (Alboran Sea and Gulf of Cadiz): On-fault and off-fault paleoseismic evidence. En: Contribución de la Geología al Análisis de la Peligrosidad Sísmica (J.M. Insúa y F.Martín-González, eds.), pp. 163-166. IBERFAULT, Sigüenza (Guadalajara), 27-29 Octubre 2010.

Moreno, X., Masana, E., Gràcia, E., Bartolomé, R., and Piqué-Serra, O. (2008). Estudio paleosismológico de la Falla de Carboneras: Evidencias tierra-mar de actividad tectónica reciente. GeoTemas 10, 1035-1038.

Moreno, X. (2010). Neotectonic and Paleoseismic Onshore-Offshore integrated study of the Carboneras Fault (Eastern Betics, SE Iberia). Doctoral Thesis, Barcelona University.

Masana, E., Gràcia, E., Martínez Díaz, J.J., Moreno, X., Ortuño, M., Perea, H., Khazaradze, G., Pallàs, R., Rodés, A., Queralt, P., Coll, M, Bartolomé, R., García-Meléndez, E., Ruano, P., Stepancikova, P., Dañobeitia, J.J., Santanach, P. (2010). Characterizing the seismic potential of the Eastern Betics Shear Zone (EBSZ), a major source of earthquakes in Southeastern Iberia. En: Contribución de la Geología al Análisis de la Peligrosidad Sísmica (J.M. Insúa y F.Martín-González, eds.), pp. 101-104. IBERFAULT, Sigüenza (Guadalajara), 27-29 Octubre 2010.

Moreno, X., Masana, E., Gràcia, E., Bartolomé, R., Rodés, A., and Pallàs, R. (2010). Onshore-Offshore active tectonics along the Carboneras Fault Zone (Eastern Betic Cordilleras). In "Contribución de la Geología al Análisis de la Peligrosidad Sísmica." (J. M. Insua-Arévalo, and F. Martín-González, Eds.), pp. 105-107, Sigüenza (Guadalajara, Spain).

Reicherter, K. and Hübscher,C. (2007) Evidence for a seafloor rupture of the Carboneras Fault Zone (southern Spain): Relation to the 1522 Almería earthquake? Journal of Seismology, 11:15-16.

Wells, D. L., and Coppersmith, K. J. (1994). New empirical relationships among magnitude, rupture length, rupture width, and surface displacement. Bulleting of the Seismological Society of America 84, 974-1002.

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